Biodiversity embraces the variety of genes, species and ecosystems that constitute life on Earth. We are currently witnessing a steady loss of biodiversity, with profound consequences for the natural world and for human well-being. The main causes are changes in natural habitats. These are due to intensive agricultural production systems, construction, quarrying, overexploitation of forests, oceans, rivers, lakes and soils, alien species invasions, pollution and — increasingly — global climate change.
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Humankind is itself a part of biodiversity, and our existence would be impossible without it. Quality of life, economic competitiveness, employment and security all rely on this natural capital. Biodiversity is crucial to 'ecosystem services', i.e. the services that nature supplies: climate regulation, water and air, soil fertility, and the production of food, fuel, fibre and medicines. It is essential for maintaining the long-term viability of agriculture and fisheries, and is the basis of many industrial processes and the production of new medicines.
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